Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Sedge)
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Carex pensylvanica, also called Pennsylvania sedge, is a shade-loving perennial sedge native to eastern and central North America; the species has a low growth profile, spreads slowly, requires little water, and is somewhat tolerant of foot traffic, making it a great choice as a groundcover or lawn alternative in locations that have too much shade for common grasses. Although individual clumps grow to only about 8" high and 6-12" wide, Pennsylvania sedge also produces small, upright flower spikes that bloom in late spring atop rough, sharply triangular stems that rise up about a foot from the root base.
Carex pennsylvania typically grows in small clumps of sharp, grass-like foliage that is semi-evergreen or evergreen in most climates. Its low profile and slow-spreading nature also make a great choice for underplanting larger shrubs and for container growing. Though its small flowers are pollinated by wind, sedges are an important food source to larval butterflies and moths, with caterpillars living among plants and eating their foliage.